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Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Is this something I can experience? Alma 27:18

Is this something I can experience? Alma 27:18

Ammon and his brothers meet Alma and is so happy that he was "swallowed up in the joy of his God, even to the exhausting of his strength; and he fell again to the earth." 

Mormon comments, "Isn't this a great example of exceedingly great joy? This is the kind of joy that nobody can have except the truly penitent (repentant) and humble seeker of happiness." 

I've recently been reading some stuff about happiness. It's actually an entire field of research, if you can believe that. 

I certainly do not think Mormon is talking about chasing after happiness when he says "seeker of happiness." We know that chasing happiness actually does not work. The more telling words are penitent and humble. 

Answer:
Yes, I think that it's possible for me to have this kind of joy. Being penitent and humble are key components of it. I think the "seeker" part mostly points towards being genuine and honest. That is also something that I can be. 

Why is it "Lord" in verse 7 of Zenos's words? Alma 33:7

Why is it "Lord" in verse 7 of Zenos's words? Alma 33:7

Alma quotes an Old Testament prophet named Zenos (whose writings have been lost to us in the Western World). 

I found it interesting that Zenos writes this piece where he invokes God at least 4 times, but Lord once. I wondered why it was that way.

After intensely studying and praying about the words God and Lord through the Bible and Book of Mormon, I came to the conclusion that it's really pretty impossible to disambiguate every instance of the names for God in the scriptures, to determine which member of the Godhead is being referenced. It's also not very useful since oftentimes they are working in unity.

Answer:
I really don't know. There could be many reasons, including translations, poetry, word choice of Zenos, word choice of Mormon, word choice of Joseph Smith - who knows. Maybe someday I will learn the answer.

It would be nice to be able to read the rest of Zenos's writings.

Why "therefore"? Alma 32:3

Why "therefore"? Alma 32:3

Mormon discusses Alma's mission to the Zoramites. He says that after a lot of work, they began to have some success among the poorer class who had been kicked out of their synagogues because their clothes were too plain and coarse. 

And it came to pass that after much labor among them, they began to have success among the apoor class of people; for behold, they were cast out of the synagogues because of the coarseness of their apparel—

Therefore they were not permitted to enter into their synagogues to worship God, being esteemed as filthiness; therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as adross; therefore they were bpoor as to things of the world; and also they were poor in heart.
Answer:
I think it's just one of those times in the Book of Mormon where Mormon wanted to correct what he was saying. He first says, "because of the coarseness of their apparel," but then seems to change it to "being esteemed as filthiness."

This little passage is also a little bit of a Hebraism, with "not permitted to enter their synagogues to worship God" in the middle. ABA form. 

Why don't we know the name of the king and queen? Alma 27:13

Why don't we know the name of the king and queen? Alma 27:13

For reasons unknown, we never get to learn the name of King Lamoni's father, the King of all the Lamanites. It's almost expected that we wouldn't know the names of their wives, the Queens. It seems like a serious omission that we wouldn't know this man's name, though. 

Answer:
I still have no idea. Maybe out of respect? Maybe the name was offensive sounding to Mormon? Maybe the spelling was corrupted? Maybe maybe maybe...

Who was the Amalekite who was converted? Alma 23:14

Who was the Amalekite who was converted? Alma 23:14

It's mentioned that of the Amalekites, only one was converted. 

Answer:
A very brave, strong person.

Why would they not be able to repent again? Alma 24:13

Why would they not be able to repent again? Alma 24:13

The king (I think this is Lamoni and Anti-Nephi-Lehi's father?) of the Lamanites says this:

"Look, the Lamanites are going to come fight us. But let's keep our swords still. Let's not stain them with the blood of our brothers. It's possible that if we take up arms against our brothers, and stain our swords with their blood, we will never be able to washed clean through the blood of the Son of God, Jesus Christ. His blood was shed as an atonement for us. We need to honor his sacrifice by a covenant of peace."

In my opinion, it's not that Christ's power would have lost its ability to heal, perfect, and cleanse the people. It's the act of war would have hardened their hearts to permanently that they would no longer have been likely to repent and turn to him for a remission of their sins. It's that some of them would have died before being able to experience deep conversion and repentance. Perhaps it's also that waffling back and forth from faithless to faithful to faithless also decreases one's likelihood to have the conditions for a contrite heart and real intent, things you really need in order to manifest your faith and experience revelation. 

Answer:
It's just that the king knew his people really well, and he knew that their repentance after taking up arms against their brothers would have been a lot less likely. Not that it wouldn't have been impossible.

Who called whom Anti-Nephi-Lehi? Alma 24:3

Who called whom Anti-Nephi-Lehi? Alma 24:3

Here's a really grammatically poor verse from the Book of Mormon:

Now the king conferred the kingdom upon his son, and he called his name Anti-Nephi-Lehi.

Who is "he"? Is it the king, or the king's son Lamoni?

Answer:
Either Lamoni or Lamoni's father. It is ambiguous.

Why does he talk about "knowledge" here? Alma 32:34

Why does he talk about "knowledge" here? Alma 32:34

Alma compares faith to a seed that you plant in the ground and which springs up to grow. He explains that if you just can have the capacity to hope that you can believe, and then if you nurture your faith and don't cast it out by unbelief, you will see evidence for yourself that it is real. That evidence gives you knowledge - and suddenly you will no longer be relying merely on faith, but on facts. "Did this experiment work?" "How did I feel when I tried to pray?" "Did this help me?"

After trying this, you will be able to observe for yourself that the word of God has increased within your soul, enlightened your understanding, and expanded your mind. Your knowledge is "perfect" because if you are completely honest with yourself, you will be able to observe these effects. 

This is a promise that everybody has. If you sincerely try faith, you'll see for yourself whether or not it is true. You will come to know God for yourself.

Answer:
He talks about knowledge in order to contrast it with faith. Faith is things that are hoped for and unseen, and true. Knowledge is empirical evidence of things that are true. When you try faith, you will gain knowledge. 

It's a lifelong process, though.

Why is believing important? Alma 32:18

Why is believing important? Alma 32:18

Alma is preaching to the poor people who were rejected by the Zoramites. They were humbled because of their poverty, which made them more receptive to listen to the gospel message.

Alma tells them, "Lots of people say that if God will send them a sign, then they will know, and also believe. But this is not faith! If you know something, you have no need to believe it."

My question is why is believing important? What is the purpose of belief? What is significant about it?

Answer:
I am not fully sure, but what makes sense to me is that belief is tied up in the concept of agency. We are given the opportunity to choose for ourselves. If the facts are all clear, there isn't much choice other than, "Yes, I accept what is true," and, "I am going to say that what's true is false and what's false is true." I think that God wants us to exercise our agency beyond that. He wants us to try to discover for ourselves, and decide, what feels right. What we want. Whether or not we will be willing to trust him for answers. 

I hope that I am.

What is "the virtue of the word of God"? Alma 31:5


What is "the virtue of the word of God"? Alma 31:5
Alma is really sad because the Zoramites have become apostate. He wants to bring them back to the faith. He decides to do this by preaching to them because preaching had a greater tendency to lead the people to choose the right, had a more powerful effect upon their minds, than the sword or anything else. Alma thought it would be worth it to try the "virtue of the word of God." 

In this context, virtue means merits, advantages, usefulness, efficacy. 

Answer:
The usefulness of the word of God is its power to be effective to lead people to righteous change, ie repentance.

Will hell be "an endless wo"? Alma 28:11

Will hell be "an endless woe"? Alma 28:11

The Lamanites are defeated in a huge battle with lots of casualties on both sides. The Nephites describe the scene as many thousands of bodies laid in piles on the earth, with many thousands of people mourning for their lost loved ones and family, because they fear that their dead loved ones are in a miserable state of endless wo that God has promised to the wicked. Some are also mourning the loss of their loved ones and also rejoicing because they hope that they will be raised up to live with God.

Latter-day revelation discusses what happens to the souls of people who die before they are resurrected. If you were righteous, you live in a state of paradise. If you were wicked, you live in what traditional Christianity thinks of when it talks about "hell." It's a waiting room. It's agony. It's called "spirit prison." You can get out of it through repentance and accepting the ordinances of the temple performed for you on earth by proxy. It is very similar to the Catholic doctrine of purgatory, actually.

After final judgment, we all go to "heaven" (except for a very small handful of people who will be sent to outer darkness, but it is so minimal it's hardly even worth mentioning; vile sinners will still go to heaven). Heaven is more like a city with many mansions. If you did wicked deeds during this life, and remained unrepentant, your "mansion" will be a lot smaller. Your opportunities to progress will be limited. But it will still be more glorious and better than anything we get here on earth during mortality. You will need to "pay" somehow for the sins you've committed and didn't repent of. I don't know how that works. 

Honestly, I don't know how much of it works. I do know that it makes some sense to me. The idea of an endless wo, a pit of fire and brimstone, devils with pitchforks - that doesn't really fit with the concept of a loving God, to me. The fact that this "wo" that is often called "hell" is really just spirit prison - a temporary state - makes a lot more sense.

Answer:
It depends on what you mean by "hell."

Does faith in Christ mean no fear of death? Alma 27:28

Does faith in Christ mean no fear of death? Alma 27:28

Ammon's converts are called by this really long name: the Anti-Nephi-Lehites. They are about to be attacked by the Amalekites. The Lord commands Ammon to lead the Anit-Nephi-Lehites out of there to safety, because they made a covenant to never again raise up their swords, not even in self-defense. They had made a covenant to avoid bloodshed, and it was going to be to their own destruction except that Ammon leads them away to join with the Nephites, who give them an entire section of their land to live on.

The reason why these people covenanted with God to avoid raising up arms was because they were completely disgusted with themselves for having done so in the past, and also because, "they never did look upon death with any degree of terror, for their hope and views of Christ and the resurrection; therefore death was swallowed up to them by the victory of Christ over it." They would rather suffer the most obscene, painful, hideous death than cause somebody else harm by their own hand.

Answer:
Yes.


Playlists and Anxiety

For my birthday this year, I asked one of my close friends to make me a playlist. It was a good idea for a present for multiple reasons, including the fact that music is something he cares about.

He gave me 3.5 hours of new-to-me music, except for one song which I already knew by heart. It was a really fun, really good gift. It caused me a little bit of anxiety at first because I kept thinking, "Eugh, what does it mean that he wanted me to listen to this song? Does it have some kind of hidden message?" But I decided that was stupid, and I applied Kate's Awkwardness Theory #1 and just told him about my stupid feelings, probably as a way to ensure to myself that I really was officially deciding not to think of it that way. This resulted in some worry on his end. Should have applied Kate's Awkwardness Theory #2. Ugh.

One very unexpected result of this playlist was a sudden intense desire to reciprocate. Like, where were my tunes? I started to go through whatever music is on our google play app, and our home server - and I basically picked one or two of my favorite songs from each album or artist that I like. I ended up with a playlist 150+ songs long, but still unshareable.

It was fun to make. The process taught me a few things about myself. Here they are:

- The thing that made me worry the most when I was making this playlist was, "What is my friend going to think of me if that is on my playlist!?" Not, "What kind of subliminal message am I going to accidentally send." Not, "Will he like this song?" - it was super personalized, like, "Will he think worse of me?" "Will he think I'm an idiot/a poser/a sell-out, will he think I have bad taste?"

- I realized that this is not a new worry. In fact, it's probably the very reason why I stopped listening to music actively. Around the time I was graduating from college in 2009, Pandora started to be a thing. The algorithm could find the songs that you were likely to enjoy listening to, so I didn't have to exert effort anymore in finding music that I liked. The way I had always done it before was to say to a friend, "Hey! Here's a blank CD. Burn me some of your favorite songs!" Not exactly legal. But it was much more important to me, the social referencing, than the actual music. It was legitimately fascinating to me what music my friends liked.

- ...and because it's such a blatantly amoral issue, like, outside the realms of right or wrong and squarely within the realms of taste, I found myself often skipping the stuff my friends liked. I just didn't like it back. I didn't have the time, patience, or energy to navigate the learning curve of trying to find myself new music on my own. I was also really into NPR at the time. Politics, not music. Music kind of fell off my radar for about a decade, at least actively deciding what kind of music I liked.

- This boy who I dated for a year, who was in complete and total denial that we were dating, was really into music. He was one of those people who can tell the difference between an MP3 and another kind of sound file that has way more data. He often gave me music. For my birthday he gave me a Ray Charles disk set with him singing with some other really big names. He burned me several CDs called "Music that Makes Michael Happy, volume 1" and then volume 2. On those mixes were an extremely wide variety of stuff, from classical to They Might Be Giants goofy, to Disney! The fact that he put Disney music on these mixes was kind of like giving me permission to like the songs of my past. I knew (and still know) every lyric to every Disney song that ever was. I've had entire conversations with my sister using just lyrics from various musicals. Once we played a game where we could only sing one song from a single musical once, and whoever couldn't think of a new musical lost. The game lasted for hours, and nobody won or lost because the car ride just ended. #dorkiestdorksofdorkdom

- Danny likes to tease me about a lot of things. When I was making this playlist, he said, "Eugh, you like that song?" For example, he got completely sick of EFY music, since his missionary companions used to blast those same few compilations over and over (and over and over) for two years. There's a couple EFY songs that I really like. I recognized inside myself an impulse to remove the songs I like from this playlist because they don't fit what he likes. I stopped myself.

- I would often come across a song and think to myself that I should add it, even though I actually don't like it. For example, the fact is that I really don't like Weezer, and never have. But they were always "cool." But their songs make me feel slimy. I don't know why. It's not specific to their lyrics - just the emotions I feel when I hear the whole thing together: the lyrics, sound, the contexts in which I heard them in high school, the associations with people who like them, vague memories that I can't even pinpoint. But I wanted my friend to think I'm cool, so I wanted to put cool people music on it. That is why the playlist in its current state is unshareable. It's got too much of that and not enough of what I actually like right now.

- Figuring out what I actually like right now is not easy! Am I allowed to like something mainly because of a memory associated with it? So much of my music is tied to memories of specific times in my life, or specific people. Senior year of high school when I was dating Paul and driving my sister around, and it was basically punk rock all the time. Junior year when I was in France, so there's all this French music, from StarAcademy2 (hahahaha) to Jean Jacques Goldman. Those two verrrrrrrry long years when I was writing Danny on his mission and I made two "I Miss Danny" mixes (which ended up being the favorite playlist of my best friend, Cindy - and which I don't actually have in its entirety anymore!). How do you decide what you like? How can you learn that about yourself?

So my task for the next little while is going to be to try to do just that. I guess it requires some exposure, so it's great to have some totally new-to-me stuff from my friend. I will likely also read some stuff and go on a music hunt. I am never going to be a crazy "music person" like that boy Michael I dated, but maybe there's room for me to be interested in it, nonetheless. I mean, I have come to terms with the idea that I don't have to be an expert to like music. And it's okay that my playlist will include some classical, musicals, and probably even some Disney.

For the playlist I give back, the metric is going to be simple: if I hear it, do I skip it? I always skip the "cool" songs after a few bars because they're boring and stupid (and I've always done that, even back when I pretended to like them). I'll call it "Unskippables 2019." I still wonder what in the world he'll think, but in the end, I'll have this nice playlist for myself, not just to share.

Even the hastily scraped together 150+ playlist I've currently got has been a lot of fun to listen to, and especially to run to! I went on a 5 mile run on Saturday (the last warm day in Iowa) and completely lost track of time because I was so absorbed in the music that I already knew by heart. It was meditative, almost hypnotic. I enjoyed it so very much. How much more will I enjoy it after culling the grating punk rock screeches?

***

"I want to know about the places and people with whom you can be entirely, 100% comfortable being yourself, including your flaws."
"Well... it's not binary."
"No, it's not. And you don't have to answer now."

Later I made that list. It was very short, and nothing that made the 100% list included other people. I made a second list for 95%, and it included a very short list of people around whom I sometimes, often, or even usually feel comfortable with my flaws.

This relates to the music discussion. Like I said earlier, music taste isn't really something with a strong moral association attached to it. I have been worried for way too long whether my tastes align with what I think everybody else expects of me or wants of me. It's okay for me to own my own tastes. It's okay that they won't always align with those of the people I care about. I'm probably a bit late to this discovery, but better late than never.


Monday, November 11, 2019

Did they really have free access to their homes? Alma 23:2

Did they really have free access to their homes? Alma 23:2

Aaron and his brothers teach the King of the Lamanites, the father of King Lamoni, and he and his entire household are converted. The King of the Lamanites sends out a proclamation through the land saying that they should not harm Ammon, Aaron, Omner, Himni, or any other missionary preaching wherever in the land. They should not be put in prison. They should not be spat upon. They should not be scourged. They should not be stoned. They should not be cast out of the synagogues. They should not be hit. They should have free access to their houses, temples, and sanctuaries.

From my totally anachronistic presentist perspective, I get the temples and sanctuaries part (a little bit - I mean, the freedom of religion thing is a little bit at odds with that idea), but their houses? As an American with a deeply rooted historical belief that quartering in a house is wrong (see the Third Amendment to the US Constitution), it seems like entering into a house to preach might be equally wrong.

But maybe their houses were not the same kind of architectural style as western homes? Maybe it was more like a mezzanine public area inside the middle of the homes, not like - the private bedrooms of men and women. I'm sure that their culture was very different from what I'm used to, too.

Answer:
Apparently yes?

How can I be a servant? Alma 22:2

How can I be a servant? Alma 22:2

If I am supposed to "liken the scriptures" to my own life, I can start to ask the question, "How can I be more like Ammon, Aaron, and his brothers? How can I be more like a servant to those around me?"

Here are some steps that I gathered from that story:

- effort
- correlation
- listening to the spirit
- not waiting to act
- following through with good ideas
- being humble enough to do hard work
- sacrificing my own will 

Effort
All of the missionary efforts of these righteous missionaries involved a lot of effort. They traveled from one place to the next. They endured some difficult times. They were not bumps on a log waiting for things to happen to them. If I want to be a good missionary, I too need to exert effort.

Correlation
As I illustrated in an earlier post, I really think that Ammon shard his missionary strategies with Aaron and his brothers. I think that's where Aaron got the idea to approach the King of all the Lamanites and offer to be their servant. Correlation meetings work best when they are people-focused instead of task-focused. When we talk about needs, feelings, and situations of individual people then that is when the spirit is able to influence us with ideas for the tasks that we need to be involved in. I can do this better in my calling. The individual needs of people for their own family history naturally involves these kinds of correlation meetings.

Listening to the spirit
It's important to mention that all missionary work is directed by the spirit. Who cares what we decide in a correlation meeting, if the spirit tells you to do something contrary to that, you should do it. It is imperative that we get used to listening to the spirit and recognizing personal revelation when we receive it.

Not waiting to act
Aaron and his brothers quickly went to find the King of the Lamanites. It was important for them to do that quickly while the King's heart was still soft enough to listen to their words. Waiting around is not good!

Following through with good ideas
This might seem exactly like the above idea, but it's slightly different because it's not just that we have to act quickly, it's that we have to move forward with the ideas that we already have. What I mean is, we don't have to have a perfect knowledge that our ideas about what we should be doing are inspired. We can simply press forward trusting that we are on God's errand, so he will prevent us from messing up too badly! I think God wants to let us stumble a little bit and try to figure out solutions to problems on our own. That's why he doesn't direct us in every single little detail, even though he knows those details and the solutions that will work. We can approach him for help, and we should go forward with confidence even without knowing for sure that it's "inspired." Personally, it's super irritating to me how often people bat around that term. I'm sure only going to use it when it's something I know with some kind of certainty, because I don't want it to be a manipulative church-speak phrase.

Being humble enough to do hard work
Aaron and his brothers were humble enough to offer their lives to the king as menial servants. In the same way, I can be humble enough to not run away from, avoid, fear, or try to get out of the tasks that I find particularly unpleasant. Such as answering email.

Sacrificing my own will 
Aaron and his brothers were willing to submit both to God's will for them, and to the King's will for them. Basically, this kind of agency is about respecting the agency of others, and aligning your own will with God's. 

Answer:
I think all of the above sound like a pretty relevant recipe for how to be a successful mother, to be honest.

Did Ammon teach Aaron the strategy of asking to be a servant? Alma 22:2

Did Ammon teach Aaron the strategy of asking to be a servant? Alma 22:2

Aaron and his brothers are rescued out of prison by Ammon, who has a friend in a very high place (King Lamoni). One of the first things they do is to go find King Lamoni's father, who is strangely never mentioned by name in the Book of Mormon. 

Aaron tells the king, "Hey! We are the brother of Ammon, remember that guy who you saved from prison? If you will spare us, we will be your servants."

"Um, well...please, please stand. I'm so not going to make you be my servants. Instead, can you please teach to me? I've been really worried and concerned about the generosity and importance of the words of Ammon, and I've been waiting this whole time for him to come back to teach me, and he hasn't come yet...I really want to know why he's not here!"

I can just imagine Ammon with Aaron and his brothers in some kind of missionary correlation meeting. "Okay, so the door approach that seems to work well in this culture is to go in with an attitude of complete humility and submission. Offer to be his servant - that worked really well for me in the past. It did involve severing some arms from some people, but I think you can handle it." Ha. Ha. Eugh.

Answer:
Yes, I strongly believe that Ammon likely discussed workable missionary approaches with Aaron and his brothers. In the end, what is most important is to follow the spirit. The thing is, the spirit doesn't always tell you exactly every single step of how to follow through on a prompting. It's good to meet together and discuss strategies for getting stuff done. If it had been a bad idea, God would have warned them.

How can I do this? Alma 21:17

How can I do this? Alma 21:17

Aaron and some of his fellow missionaries were cast into prison after preaching to the Amalekites. Then they were rescued by Ammon and King Lamoni, and were allowed to go preach. They listened to the spirit, and it guided them to where they should go and with whom they should share the gospel. After their prison experience, they were blessed with a lot of success. 

Their success included bringing many to the knowledge of the truth, and convincing them of their sins and that the traditions of their fathers were not correct.

My question is how can I similarly do this?

I think the main clue here is not what they were doing. I could go around all day saying, "You're wrong!" to people and it would not be an effective missionary approach. I really don't think that standing on a soapbox is the typical way to get people to listen to you, especially today. 

The main clue comes before the description of what they were able to accomplish; they were listening and obeying the voice of the spirit. They allowed the holy ghost to direct and guide them in their efforts. That is how they were led to people who would be receptive and ready, people whose hearts were not completely hardened and stiff. 

In the end, it is not our job to convert people. Missionary success isn't in the number of people that end up joining the church because you shared the gospel with them. It isn't even in the number of people you invite, though that is a far less weird metric. Success comes from being able to approach the throne of God when you pray and know with certainty that you followed through with every prompting from the holy ghost that you received from the holy ghost. Success comes from living your own life in a way that makes it possible for the holy ghost to actually communicate God's will to you. It is not so much about the external effects of your efforts, but more like the internal attitude that you have. You aren't trying to accumulate numbers and quotas. You're trying to sincerely and genuinely bring people to Christ because you love them. 

Answer:
I can be my genuine self. I can be the same - show my same faith - with everyone around me in whatever context we happen to be. That includes my inactive family members, my non-believing friends, and my devout friends and family. I can be consistently the same and not be afraid to bear my testimony just because I think it will be offensive. I can also approach people as people, not as numbers. I don't ever want people to think or feel that I'm only their friend because I want them to get baptized. That is a worry that plagues me. I really don't want that to be who I am. I want to genuinely love all people, even if they say that no, the gospel isn't for them, or no thanks, I'm not interested in that right now. I think that showing that I am sincerely and really their friend is itself the best kind of missionary work.

Basically, I can avoid "love withdrawal" from people who reject my faith. The closer a person is to you, the harder this becomes. It is not ever easy, though. It's far easier to love people who embrace all of you. 

Who are "Ammah and his brethren"? Alma 21:11

Who are "Ammah and his brethren"? Alma 21:11

Aaron goes to preach the gospel to the Amalekites in the city of Amulon. He finds a lot of people after the order of Nehor there. They make fun of him and he leaves. He goes to a place called Anti-Anti.

...there he found Muloki preaching the word unto them; and also Ammah and his brethren. And they contended with many about the word.

So who is this Ammah guy, and who are the brethren? 

Meanwhile, Ammon is having a ton of missionary success with King Lamoni and his people. He establishes a church. Ammon decides to return home to the land of Nephi but then he hears the voice of the Lord saying, "Thou shalt not go up to the land of Nephi, for behold, the king will seek thy life; but thou shalt go to the land of aMiddoni; for behold, thy brother Aaron, and also Muloki and Ammah are in prison."

These are the only two mentions of Ammah by name in the Book of Mormon.

Answer:
Ammah (and Muloki) were righteous missionaries who were helping to preach the gospel to the Lamanites with the sons of Mosiah. I think that "his brethren" means the brothers of Ammon and Aaron, the other sons of Mosiah. 

This is evidence that there were more people willing to serve missions to the Lamanite than just the sons of Mosiah.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How? Moroni 7:19

How? Moroni 7:19

Moroni extends an invitation to everybody who reads the Book of Mormon.

Wherefore, I beseech of you, brethren, that ye should search diligently in the alight of Christ that ye may know good from evil; and if ye will lay hold upon every good thing, and condemn it not, ye certainly will be a bchild of Christ.

Search diligently

"in" the light of Christ

so that you can know good from evil

and choose good over evil

and not condemn what's good

and that will make you a child, or an heir, of Christ.

I want to write a little bit of my thoughts about each of these concepts.

Search diligently
Part of the point of life is to test our diligence. Will we be consistent in our efforts to know God? Will we cling to our desire to know God? Apparently something about our salvation depends on this period of separation, and what we will do with it. Will we throw away our time, or will we earnestly strive to learn?

"in" the light of Christ
Light is a great metaphor because it's so inclusive. Likewise, I think there are many, many, many positive things, attributes, pieces of wisdom and knowledge that we can and should try to know and learn. They can exist in the secular world and in all kinds of world religions. Things that fall within this light are true. All truth is good. It just is an eternal principle, and I can't explain why it's that way. It just feels right.

so that you can know good from evil
Part of the point of this life is for us to gain knowledge and experience, and from that experience use our agency to choose what's good and leave what's bad. God knows good from evil. We want to be like God. We couldn't without this experience. With permanent training wheels attached, with being on the leash of our divine parents, with always holding God's hand or being cradled in his embrace, we would never have the ability to experience this critical part of our learning. It's the point of life.

and choose good over evil
This seems so self-evident. When we can recognize what is good from what is bad, we should try to focus on what is good and choose that. We should strive to always become better each day. Maybe there aren't perfectly objective metrics out there for what that means. But I do know that when I choose what is good, I know it in my heart because of how I feel. It just feels calm, peaceful, right. Sometimes this comes at surprising times. Many times, though, it's predictable. When I keep the commandments, I feel good!

and not condemn what's good
Not only do we need to choose what's good and shun what's bad, but we need to do so without a grudge in our heart. It's not enough to choose what's good if we are grouchy about it. We need to like, actually change the intents and thoughts of our heart so that we want to choose what's good.

and that will make you a child, or an heir, of Christ.
In other words, you can receive what he has to give, which is forgiveness. Redemption. Repentance. Perfection. Eternal Life and Exaltation. Life with our Heavenly Parents in the hereafter. Eternal Progression and Increase - connection to all of our family from the beginning of time throughout all eternity.

I'm not perfect at this. It's more of a journey, anyway. But it is something I have been taught to live, and which I personally believe in. I want to be a "child of Christ." I really do have a deep desire to do what is right. Danny says that is one of the most attractive things about me. Sometimes I wonder if it can get in the way and cause me to be too much of a perfectionist, but that innate desire to "be a good person" is not really something that I would want to change. What I would like to change a bit is my ability to see myself as already a "good" person. But I'm working on that.

Why would he "durst not"? Alma 18:11

Why would he "durst not"? Alma 18:11

Ammon proves to Lamoni that he has some kind of unseen power. Lamoni becomes convinced that Ammon is the "Great Spirit", and longs to talk to him, but doesn't.

Answer:
Because he's totally freaked out and scared of what the consequences would be of crossing someone with so much power, of course!

Why would he want to immediately leave? Story of awkward misunderstandings Alma 18:12

Why would he want to immediately leave? Story of awkward misunderstandings Alma 18:12

Answer:
Ammon is the epitome of cool. Cool people repel awkwardness. I think he was just trying to give Lamoni space so that things wouldn't get super awkward, or at least, if they did, it wouldn't be instigated by him.

Ammon is so cool that he was able to get Lamoni to promise to listen and believe him without even saying that much!

Really, it's the Holy Ghost working through Ammon that I find so "cool." But still. You have to admit that Ammon is pretty awesome.

So did he REALLY believe whatsoever he did was right? Alma 18:5

So did he REALLY believe whatsoever he did was right? Alma 18:5

Answer:
It seems really hard to believe that a person would be so totally misguided (prideful?) that they could lose their conscious. But maybe this is why it took two days and two nights for the veil of unbelief to be cast off from Lamoni's mind. 

"Why do not angels appear unto us?" Haven't I asked this same question? Maybe it's a bad question. Alma 21:5

"Why do not angels appear unto us?" Haven't I asked this same question? Maybe it's a bad question. Alma 21:5

Aaron, one of the sons of Mosiah, goes into a city called Jerusalem. He is preaching to the Amalekites in their synagogues (remember, they were building them after a Jewish pattern, at least sort of). The Amalekites followed a religion called the Order of Nehor. 

When he's in there, he apparently started talking about his own experience seeing an angel. 

"What!? You say you saw an angel? If you saw an angel, why didn't we? Aren't we good enough people? You say unless we repent, we'll perish. But how can you know what's actually going on in our hearts? How could you possibly know that we are not already righteous? Haven't we built these places of worship where we get together to worship God? We believe that God will save everybody, not just a few elect people."

Answer:
Yes, I've asked this question in my heart before.

Yes, it's a bad question. At least with the attitude of this particular Amalekite. He's obviously trying to use negative evidence to disprove Aaron's beliefs. Not only is it super rude, but it's just a logical fallacy. If he was doing it in public it would have been more like bullying than a rhetorical conversation. 

Why did the veil of unbelief afflict Lamoni this way? Alma 19:6-7

Why did the veil of unbelief afflict Lamoni this way? Alma 19:6-7

Lamoni is taught by Ammon. After he is taught, he cries to God saying, "O Lord, have mercy on me the same way that you have had mercy on the people of Nephi, have mercy on me and my people!" Then, in a very surprising and probably awkward moment, he falls over as if he's dead and stays that way for two days and two nights!

Queen Lamoni (I am gonna call her that since Mormon totally failed to name her! Grr. Or maybe it's not his fault, but previous historians. Why!?) goes to Ammon after two days and two nights and begs him to go to her husband. She does not believe he's dead. She has heard that Ammon is a prophet. She has some small amount of faith at least that Ammon will be able to help him.

Ammon knows that Lamoni was having the "veil of unbelief" cast away from his mind. He's super happy that Queen Lamoni asked him to see him. 

Why did the shedding of the veil of unbelief require such a physical reaction for Lamoni? 

Answer:
I have no idea, but it seems to be a pattern elsewhere in the scriptures. Maybe it has something to do with the cultural circumstances in which one is raised? Or maybe it's simply that God really needed Lamoni to be converted, so he influenced him in a particularly strong way? I don't know. Would very much like to find out more about how this works.

Why is it mentioned last, the part about teaching the plan of redemption? And Christ? Alma 18:39

Why is it mentioned last, the part about teaching the plan of redemption? And Christ? Alma 18:39

Ammon teaches King Lamoni, who has promised to believe everything he says. This is the order that he teaches him the gospel:

God exists.
God is the Great Spirit.
God created everything on heaven and earth.
Heaven is on another plane than earth.
God knows all the thoughts and intents of our heart, since he created us.
Man is created in the image of God.
Man can be called by God's Holy Spirit to teach people what is just and true.
A portion of God's Spirit can dwell inside man.
God's Spirit gives us knowledge and power proportional to our faith in God and desire to serve him.
The world was created by God.
Adam and Eve were created by God.
Adam and Eve fell from God's presence.
The scriptures record the history of the prophets of the world from the time of Adam down to the time that Lehi left Jerusalem.
Lehi left Jerusalem with his sons.
Nephi was righteous and Laman and Lemuel were wicked.
The plan of redemption exists. This plan is that Jesus Christ will come to save the world from sin and death, and through his atonement, all people can repent, be forgiven, and receive exaltation.

Answer:
Maybe it's just mentioned last because that could have been a rhetorical device in their language? Honestly, Jesus Christ is laced throughout the entire thing. For example, Jesus Christ is the creator of the world (and until recently, I thought that was a point of doctrine not shared between my faith and other Christian denominations - but they should read Hebrews 1-6 more closely! And honestly, the main thing is that we don't share the same belief in how the Godhead works.) The fall of Adam and Eve would be meaningless without the mediator's grace stepping in. Jesus Christ's plan to be the Savior was already in place at the time of their fall. 

Or maybe it was the most important thing, so Ammon really wanted it to stay in Lamoni's mind. Maybe it was something more difficult to agree with or believe in. I am not really sure, since it's something I can't remember ever not believing.  

Should I be this way? Why does Mormon love to point out "being caught with guile"? Alma 18:23

Should I be this way? Why does Mormon love to point out "being caught with guile"? Alma 18:23

Answer:
Again, I think Mormon was trying to be halfway apologetic for Ammon's method of rhetoric, likely because some piece of it didn't sit well with him personally.

It doesn't really matter if I "should" or "should not" be this way. The fact is, I am pretty good at subtle manipulation. I guess the main way I do it is quite similar to Ammon, too: a combination of the overt and the subtle. I mean, it's not like Ammon didn't give Lamoni a chance.

"How do you know what I'm thinking? If you tell me, I'll give you anything that you ask. I would even give you my armies, but I know that you're more powerful than they are, so what good would that even do. But still, you just tell me what you want and it's yours. I have to know."

"Will you listen to me?"

"Yes! I'll listen and believe everything you tell me."

Well. There you go. 


Why is he described as "wise yet harmless"? Alma 18:22

Why is he described as "wise yet harmless"? Alma 18:22

One of the funniest parts of the Book of Mormon, in my opinion, is when Ammon "tricks" King Lamoni to listen to him. Ammon is described as being "wise, yet harmless" and catching Lamoni "with guile." 

I think this is side commentary from Mormon. Maybe it's halfway apologetic for Ammon's trickery. Maybe it's how Mormon was able to come to terms with Ammon's method for teaching Lamoni. 

I sure don't have anything against this method. It's basically Ammon using Master Manipulator skills, which are skills which I often feel like I share in common with him. Basically, Ammon is using his powers for good and for awesome.

How long did they think the "harvest" would be? Alma 17:13

How long did they think the "harvest" would be? Alma 17:13

When the sons of Mosiah arrived at the border to the land of the Lamanites, they separated from each other, trusting that they would meet again "at the close of their harvest" - aka, at the end of their missions. 

Answer:
Ammon was willing to live among the Lamanites for the rest of his life. The others all thought that "great was the work which they had undertaken." Basically: they may not have known how long it would be, but they were definitely aware it was going to be substantial.

Were these their wives? Alma 17:12

Were these their wives? Alma 17:12

The sons of Mosiah decide to go on a mission to the Lamanites.

I noticed on this read that the scriptures mention people going with the sons of Mosiah who were not the sons of Mosiah.

"And it came to pass that the hearts of the sons of Mosiah, and also those who were with them, took courage to go forth unto the Lamanites to declare unto them the word of God."

I wondered to myself if this meant their wives. I know that Ammon was willing to live the rest of his life with the Lamanites. It seems unlikely that he was married, unless this people practiced polygamy, because he was offered a Lamanite princess as a bride (yuck). But maybe the other sons of Mosiah were married?

Paul the Apostle has some really stern things to say about missionaries being married. These have been taken out of context by the Christian world in such drastic ways as to cause the institutionalization of sexism and permanently celibate clergy.

Answer:
It sure would be a different story to imagine that they were married. Since the sons of Mosiah were princes, maybe it is just referring to their servants or helpers or whatever. They might not have been used to "roughing it" with the Lamanites so much.

How can I help with this? Alma 16:16-17

How can I help with this? Alma 16:16-17

Alma and Amulek start to preach the gospel to the rest of the Nephites. The people are described as having no inequality among them, with the Spirit of the Lord poured out among them to prepare their hearts to receive Jesus Christ when he would come for the first time. Specifically, they were being prepared so as not to harden their hearts, but to receive the message of the gospel with joy, and become like a grafted branch into the church.

Clearly, this kind of stuff is still going on today in preparation for Jesus Christ's second coming. In fact, it is kind of the very point of point of missionary work.

Sometimes I imagine what it would be like if all Christian churches could unite into one "tree." If we could all agree on points of doctrine, if we could all share the same hope, faith, belief - how powerful and amazing would that be? And I'm not talking about subsuming groups into my own, but more like...

When Jesus Christ comes again, won't it be so much simpler for us to all unite and come together? We would not longer be "the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" but just, well, "the Church of Jesus Christ." All of our meetinghouses everywhere could be used to worship him in a united, joyful manner. It would be a time of unity rather than division. 

Daydreams.

Answer:
The way that I can help is probably twofold:

1. I can help share my testimony. This is sometimes not so easy for me. 

2. I can make sure my own heart is soft and able to listen to what God wants me to hear. That means being humble. Submitting my will to his. Trying to understand the message that he is giving me in the little, daily things (in our most recent general conference, an encouraging message included that God often speaks through small parables of daily life). I can try to receive the message of the gospel by learning more about Jesus Christ. That means reading the scriptures. It means a daily practice of prayer and service. It means choosing to believe. I do a lot better with this second aspect than the first, unless doing temple work for the dead counts. I think it sort of does, but, well...

Why didn't they put them away privily? Why is this detail included? Alma 14:3

Why didn't they put them away privily? Why is this detail included? Alma 14:3

After Alma and Amulek had called the wicked people of Ammonihah to repentance, they were really upset. They didn't like the way Alma and Amulek were able to confound Zeezrom with plain speech. They claimed Amulek was a liar and had crossed their law, lawyers, and judges. They decided to put them away "privily", but then... they didn't. Instead, they bound them before the judge, accused them falsely, and eventually caused all the believers to be burned in a mass murder!

Why did they start by wanting to put them way privately? It doesn't really say what that means, but it could mean murdering them secretly, or kicking them out of the city, or hurting them, or etc. But always in private.

I think it's kind of like 1 Nephi 16:2, where "the guilty taketh the truth to be hard, for it cutteth them to the very center." At first, these wicked people still felt some - however slight - degree of shame or guilt, causing them to want to hide their actions from the public eye. Eventually though, they became so enraged and incensed that it no longer mattered whether it was done in secret or not.

I live in a world where sins are constantly being shifted from the private to the public eye - and to be fair, from the public to the private eye, too. For example, a socially unacceptable sin today is rape. Not acceptable. In the past, in some places, it was. But to leave some of the extreme examples, a more relateable one might be public lying. I mean, our culture seems to value transparency more and more. So if you choose to lie, you really need to be sneaky and clever so that nobody thinks you are lying, because lying is much more distasteful today than perhaps it was 100 years ago.

Or maybe I don't really know what I'm talking about and just making up an answer.

Answer:
I don't really know!

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Can you use corpus linguistics to search the scriptures?! Why not!?

Can you use corpus linguistics to search the scriptures?! Why not!?

At some point last year I asked myself this question.

I ended up boldly asking this to Mark Davies, who is one of the most influential people in the entire field of corpus linguistics, having essentially created and developed the idea of massive corpora. He is a professor at my alma mater, BYU. I've heard he will be retiring soon, though.

I had no idea how bold and brazen my email would sound.

He replied to me with some resources for people who have already created tools to do just that. At some future date I would like to compile an annotated list. He was patient with my ignorant question.

Answer:
Resounding, definite, complete and total yes.

Was there an altar in their church? Was it a temple? Alma 15:17

Was there an altar in their church? Was it a temple? Alma 15:17

Alma and Amulek go to Sidom and establish a church there. The people humbled themselves before God and began to meet together in places called "sanctuaries" to worship God before an altar.

Answer:
Yes. There was an altar.

No, it was not a temple. It was most likely something similar to a synagogue. These people were likely practicing some kind of version of the Law of Moses, though it seems that Nephi made an explicit decision wayyyy earlier to not teach his children the "traditions of the Jews." However, there are other clues that hint that they were still obeying many aspects of the Law of Moses, most likely even including ritual animal sacrifice, since Christ had not been resurrected yet.

How did Joseph Smith feel when he remembered that he read this later in Liberty jail? Alma 14:14-17

How did Joseph Smith feel when he remembered that he read this later in Liberty jail? Alma 14:14-17

After the burned out bodies of those who were brutally murdered had been totally consumed (do bones burn?) along with the scriptures, the chief judge stands before the bound Alma and Amulek, strikes them on their cheeks and says, "After what you've just seen, will you dare to tell me and my people that we will be cast into a lake of fire and brimstone? You didn't have the power to save these people. Well? What do you have to say?"

Alma and Amulek were hit over and over again, and then sent to prison.

Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum Smith, Lyman Wight (my 5th great uncle), Alexander McRae, Caleb Baldwin, and Sidney Rigdon were unjustly imprisoned in Liberty Jail

I have been there. 

After a lot of reading, I was able to learn some of the more disgusting details of this ordeal. When they were in this jail, they were not able to stand up completely. They were fed the flesh of murdered latter-day saints. They endured violent, foul, filthy language and taunting about their wives and families. They were told that they didn't have the power of God to save themselves. 

Answer:
I am certain that Alma and Amulek's experience in the Book of Mormon would have been a great strength to Joseph Smith in Liberty Jail. 

People can be surprisingly evil. 

How does spreading the word to previous generations help prepare to receive his word at the time of his coming in his glory? Alma 13:24

How does spreading the word to previous generations help prepare to receive his word at the time of his coming in his glory? Alma 13:24

Alma is preaching to the wicked people at Ammonihah. He stretches his hand out and says some powerful words.

"Now is the time to repent, because soon the day of salvation will come. 

Angels declare the voice of the Lord to all nations this news of great joy. This joyous news is spread among all God's children, including all of those who were scattered across the earth - hence why they have visited us!

The happy, joyous news is made known to us in plain terms so that we will understand and not be able to misinterpret it. Our people has been wandering in a strange land, and we are highly favored of God because the happy news about the day of our salvation has been shared even with us wanderers.

Angels are declaring this news to many right now, right here, for the purpose of preparing the hearts of the children of men to receive him when he comes in his glory. 

We are just waiting to hear the joyful news of Christ's birth. We know he will be born. We don't know when. I pray to God that he might come when I am still alive, but whenever it happens, I will rejoice that it will happen."

Alma is not talking merely about the birth of the Savior. He is talking about the entire symbolic mission of the Savior on earth. To Alma, and to me, it is incredibly joyful news that sins can be remitted, hearts can heal, and we can repent! The first part of Alma's speech is declaring that, "NOW is the time to repent!" 

It is really interesting to view repentance from the paradigm of rejoicing, rather than feeling miserable and woeful. I have tried to adjust my attitude towards repentance. I have reasons to repent every single day. Hopefully never huge, enormous sins, but I am a human. I have bad thoughts, I make mistakes, and there are definitely ways that I can improve each and every day. The promise that this is possible is Jesus Christ himself. It really is joyful news.

Answer:
Parents who are converted to the gospel of Jesus Christ will teach their children to recognize, serve, and love him. Spoiler alert: Alma did not witness Christ's birth. But through his voice, the voice of many other prophets and angels, and the diligent, daily preparation of righteous parents, the generations that came after him were prepared for Jesus Christ's first coming.

Doesn't this strike you as a little bit similar to how things might be today, as we wait for his second coming?

Why doesn't Alma say something less socially awkward and more comforting? Alma 14:11


Why doesn't Alma say something less socially awkward and more comforting? Alma 14:11

The wicked people of Ammonihah have been called to repentance by Alma and Amulek. They reject this call in a major way. In fact, it causes them to gather the righteous believers, including their wives and children, and burn them together with their scriptures. As previously discussed, I personally think that Amulek's family were among those brutally murdered in this way.

The murderers take Alma and Amulek to witness the massacre. Amulek pleads to Alma, "Please! Let's use the priesthood power, the power of God within us, to save these people from destruction!"

Alma's response: "God is telling me through the Holy Ghost that I must not stretch out my hand to save them that way, because Jesus Christ is receiving them up to himself in his glory. God is allowing the wicked people to do this terrible thing out of the hardness of their hearts in order for his later judgment upon them to be just. The blood of the innocent will stand as a witness against them and cry mightily against them at the last day."

Amulek's response, "Perhaps they will burn us, too."

Alma: "If it be the will of God, so be it. But our work is not finished yet, so they will not burn us."

Every time I've read this in the past, I've felt a little bit annoyed at Alma. It sounds so callous to say these words to somebody who is watching his family die before his eyes. Kinda like, "Hey, 'sokay. They're going to heaven!" Um, it's not okay. It's definitely, definitely not okay.

Mostly, I felt like it was incredibly socially awkward. "These guys will die, and we won't."

But the fact is, how would Alma have been able to use the priesthood to save those people if it hadn't been God's will for them to be saved anyway? The priesthood is the power of God on earth, wielded by man (that's mankind, not just men, by the way). You can't use the priesthood to do anything you want. You can only use the priesthood to work God's will. It is frustrating because it's a kind of power that you just really don't have control over, at all, in the end. I suppose the only kind of real control you have is your worthiness to execute it, to be an instrument in God's hand. When you live a worthy, humble life, God will manifest his will to you and you can do great things through him.

The other issue at play here is certainly something about the feelings and emotions of the moment being lost in translation, lost in a text version, lost in the abridgment - lost in culture. If I squint very hard in my mind, I can see Alma saying these words through tears, and then it doesn't feel so balky and harsh. I rather like that image, to tell the truth.

This is one of those paradoxes that non-Christians love to torment Christians with. "Why would a loving God let bad things happen to good people?" Perhaps it's even just one of those universal questions that all religions (all theistic religions) attempt to answer, to be honest. Well, the answer doesn't really make sense to us here, now. But there's some kind of connection or promise that has to do with blood crying from the dust, standing as a witness, at the last day. I don't get how that will work, but I trust that it will. I believe that someday, fairness and real justice will be served.

Answer:
If God tells you to say a socially awkward thing, you should say it. Most likely the social awkwardness wasn't even on the radar at that exact moment.

Were Amulek's wife and children included among the righteous people in Ammonihah who were burned? Alma 14:8-10

Were Amulek's wife and children included among the righteous people in Ammonihah who were burned? Alma 14:8-10

Alma returns to Ammonihah after he was commanded to do so by an angel of God. He meets Amulek, who is converted. Together they preach repentance to the wicked people of that city. They are rejected in a major way. Actually, it's worse than just a refusal to believe; the people are angry at being told that they need to repent, so they gather up all the believers, including their wives and children, and burn them together with their scriptures.

That's horrible.

Danny pointed out to me once that most likely this included Amulek's wife and children.

I've been thinking about the "very close relation" that Amulek was visiting when he was first visited by the angel, who told him that he should return to feed the prophet of God. I totally know that it is reading too much into the scenario to assume there was some kind of mental illness going on, but I must admit that I imagined a scenario in which Amulek and his wife (since he mentions his "household" it seems logical that he also had a wife) had some kind of major disagreement that was basically destined to remain unresolved due to a mental illness on her end. Maybe this caused her to leave him. Maybe he was traveling to meet her because he was ready to give up or give in to whatever unreasonable demand or whatever it was that she had made on him. Maybe he was stopped by the angel as a sign that his willingness to sacrifice himself for her was acceptable, but that God didn't need him to actually go through with it. Rather, God needed him to finally submit and accept the call that he had been trying to get him to accept for many years previous, which was to become converted in his heart and to share that conversion with those around him.

Later, after this horrible auto-da-fe-style massacre, Alma takes Amulek to his house and ministers to him for a long time. Danny pointed out that this was likely evidence that Amulek was suffering from some severe depression, likely linked to the death of his wife and children.

Answer:
I think it's likely that at least some of Amulek's family was brutally murdered by fire by the wicked people of Ammonihah. This makes Alma and Amulek's forgiveness of Zeezrom, one of the chief instigators of this crime, even more touching.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Which angel visited Alma? Was it a comfort for him to come again? Alma 8:15

Which angel visited Alma? Was it a comfort for him to come again? Alma 8:15

Hey, it's almost like the same person was asking these questions; I seemed to have had a lot of questions about angels last year. It turns out that I already found the answer to this question here.

Alma is visited by a heavenly messenger to put him on the repentance path. Later, he's a missionary preaching the gospel to the city of Ammonihah where he is rejected because the people are wicked. He feels depressed, leaves the city, and is visited again by the same angel who came to him before.

Answer:
We do not know the identity of the heavenly messenger. We do know it was the same one. I am certain that it was a comfort to Alma to see the same angel again, because obviously that angel had a huge impact on his life and was a being of great importance to him. Perhaps it was one of his family members. Or Nephi - a person from his historical and spiritual heritage who would have had great importance. The "founder" of their civilization, really. Or maybe it was a woman. Who knows. I guess someday we will know.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

What are "dead works"? Moroni 8:23

What are "dead works"? Moroni 8:23

Moroni is adding a few additional things to his father Mormon's life's work - the abridgment of the ancient records, compiled into a book (cough cough hence why it's called the Book of Mormon). He is just biding his time before the Lamanites find him and murder him.

He adds some thoughts about infant baptism. Latter-day saints do not baptize infants. In order to become a member of the church, you must be baptized and then confirmed. This is done after you are at least 8 years old. You also can't just call up the missionaries and schedule to be baptized the same day. You actually have to go through a series of lessons and interviews in order to prepare for and qualify for baptism. If you have committed certain very serious sins, you will not be allowed to be baptized until those are resolved through the process of repentance, which can involve talking to your bishop. For example, if you murdered someone. There are others, but I don't know them. The missionaries conduct some of these interviews, I believe, except for children who are born to parents who are members of the church.

All that stuff if subject to change because it squarely falls into the "policy" section of my church.

What will not change is the stance towards baptism. Because it is a covenant with God, it is considered "solemn mockery" before him to put an infant through the motions of making a covenant that they obviously are powerless to conclude. It is a serious sin to baptize infants.

Though, I'm fairly certain that this twisted doctrine has been far more beneficial in the end, since it was one of the main reasons to preserve the birth records of many devout Catholics: to keep a record of their baptism, and also of their birth. I personally do not feel like my Catholic ancestors were vile sinners for baptizing their children. Nor do I feel like devout Catholics today are willfully doing something deeply, disturbingly wrong.

Though, it does deeply disturb me, the idea that without baptism, everybody - including innocent children who die - is totally lost and will not be able to enter God's presence again. That does not sound like the plan of a loving God to me.

God does love us. And baptism is essential for all people who died accountable for their sins. Little children are automatically saved through the atonement of Jesus Christ. Everybody who died after the age of 8 will get an equal chance to receive exaltation. How? Through proxy temple work.

That is why I spend so much time and effort involved in family history and temple work. 

To say that infants need to be baptized is mockery before God because doing so denies the mercy of Jesus Christ and the power of the Holy Ghost by putting trust in "dead works" instead of in God himself. It's like believing that the baptism itself is what causes someone to be saved rather than Jesus Christ's power. It's not the act of being immersed under the water that actually matters for our salvation, it's God's power blessing us for being willing to be strictly obedient to his commandments! The covenant had to be something, why not being immersed in water?

Doctrine and Covenants 22:2 says that if a person is baptized a hundred times, that isn't going to make him cleaner or more saved. It's not about following some specific set of laws perfectly. The only way to be saved is through Jesus Christ's atonement. Keeping the commandments shows that we value and believe in his power and atonement.

Other dead works might include some of the newly-retired programs in the church such as BSA and some of the other weird YW's things. They were good for a time, but when that time has passed, if we are focused to heavily on medallions or merit badges and lose sight of Jesus Christ himself, it's so useless, it's as if it were "dead." It is not through mere participation in the motions of church service and worship that we gain a testimony, but through actually developing a real relationship with our Savior. The two are connected, but they really are not the same.

What is a "garb of secrecy"? Helaman 9:6

What is a "garb of secrecy"? Helaman 9:6

Seantum murders his brother Seezoram by stabbing him with a "garb of secrecy." A garb is a piece of clothing.

Answer:
It really sounds like Seantum designed his outfit in such a way that it would include something sharp and pointy (or at least conceal it) with which he could stab and murder his brother.

I guess this is the kind of thing that the TSA worries about with underwire bras and nail clippers and stuff.

Is this similar to Czech people? Alma 26:24

Is this similar to Czech people? Alma 26:24

Ammon is talking with the sons of Mosiah, reminding them of their mission call to serve the Lamanites. It is one of the most powerful parts of the Book of Mormon, to me. 

"Remember how everybody told us that there was no way we could teach the Lamanites? Remember how they told us that there was no way that we  could convince the Lamanites of the incorrectness of the traditions of their fathers, stubborn and bull-headed people that they be? Remember how they said that the Lamanites loved to murder people, and took pleasure in it? How they spent their days committing horribly evil sins, and that they've been this way since their father Lehi arrived in the promised land and they first stepped off the boat? Remember how they told us that it would be more effective and possibly even better for the cause of the church for us to fight the Lamanites, and totally destroy them in order to eradicate their terrible traditions and prevent them from killing us. 

But we definitely didn't come here to destroy them! It was not our intent to harm them, but rather to teach them so that we could turn their hearts to their Savior, Jesus Christ, and save their souls. 

When we were depressed, and we were about to turn back, remember that the Lord comforted us. He told us to go among the Lamanites, our brethren, and withstand the trials and tribulations with patience, and he promised he would give us success." 

That is an awesome pep talk right there.

If I were a missionary serving a full-time proselyting mission in the Czech Republic, I would read these verses often. The Czech people have a complicated, messy relationship with spirituality and religion, and it's all tied into political and social identity. It would probably not be very easy to preach the gospel to a Czech person.

Still, the idea that it would be better to just wipe them out - wow. That's... Well, that's super disturbing. I suppose that is where the analogy ends. 

It is evidence that the Nephites were pretty racist.


What does "severally" mean? Moroni 10:17

What does "severally" mean? Moroni 10:17

Moroni is talking about the gifts of the spirit. He says spiritual gifts come by the spirit of Christ, to each man "severally", according as he will.

And that final pronoun surely seems to refer to God, not to the seeker of the spiritual gift.

Answer:
Individually, each in turn.

This means that your spiritual gifts will not just all be bestowed upon you right away. Some of them may not even be closely connected to each other. They will be given based upon how you seek them, each in their own due time - a time determined by God.

What does "wrest" the scriptures mean here? Alma 13:20

What does "wrest" the scriptures mean here? Alma 13:20

Alma tells Zeezrom that the scriptures are right in front of him, and if he "wrests" them, it will be to his own destruction.

Peter wrote the same thing in 2 Peter 3:16, which has a handy footnote.

Answer:
To twist or distort. If you twist or distort the scriptures, it'll be your own loss. Wrest kind of sounds like wrestle, or battle - to fight. You can certainly interpret the scriptures to mean just about anything you want them to, especially by taking them out of context. That is not going to be useful for you in the end, though.

How do you acquire the "spirit of prophecy"? Alma 12:7

How do you acquire the "spirit of prophecy"? Alma 12:7

Alma and Amulek speak to this guy Zeezrom, a non-believer. The way they speak to him convinces Zeezrom that they must have power from God because they are able to discern his thoughts. Mormon interjects with the comment that indeed, yes, they were able to discern Zeezrom's thoughts because they were given the spirit of prophecy.

What is this "spirit", how does it work, and how does one go about obtaining it?

Elder Porter had a really great talk about this topic in a 1996 General Conference, which you can read here. I will share with some comments.

Speaking of the supernal glory of that First Vision, President Gordon B. Hinckley has said: “Much has been written, much will be written, in an effort to explain it away. The finite mind cannot comprehend it. But the testimony of the Holy Spirit, experienced by countless numbers of people all through the years since it happened, bears witness that it is true, that it happened as Joseph Smith said it happened, that it was as real as the sunrise over Palmyra, that it is an essential foundation stone, a cornerstone, without which the Church could not be ‘fitly framed together.’”2
I repeat: the testimony of the Holy Spirit bears witness that it is true. That testimony is the means, in most instances, by which God reveals truth to mankind. It is not a new or strange phenomenon but is as old as the human race. The scriptures are replete with examples of God communicating with man. By revelation Adam and Enoch and Noah and Abraham and Moses and all of the faithful former-day Saints came to know of sacred things.
Basically: religion is all about how does God speak to man, and how can man know it. In other words, the spirit of prophecy, or revelation.
Nephi of ancient days taught this principle to his people. He said:
“And now I, Nephi, cannot write all the things which were taught among my people; neither am I mighty in writing, like unto speaking; for when a man speaketh by the power of the Holy Ghost the power of the Holy Ghost carrieth it unto the hearts of the children of men.
“But behold, there are many that harden their hearts against the Holy Spirit, that it hath no place in them; wherefore, they cast many things away which are written and esteem them as things of naught.”3
The Holy Spirit does not teach the proud, the unteachable, the indolent, or the doubter. A deep desire for truth and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ will prepare one’s heart to be taught spiritual things.
Conversely, anyone who has a deep desire for truth and who combines that with a seed of faith - like, even the faith that you might someday possibly be able to have faith, is promised by Jesus Christ himself that he will receive answers. Ask and ye shall receive. Seek and ye shall find. Knock and the door will be opened to you. It is likely not to come in an expected way, but the promise is sure. God answers earnest prayers.

Because, duh, he loves us.

The Lord Jesus Christ directs His work on the earth by revelation through the Holy Spirit. The power of this revelatory Spirit moves and motivates an army of more than 52,000 missionaries who take the gospel message to the four corners of the earth. When they are successful in their work, it is because of the witness they bear, a witness accompanied and confirmed by the power of the Holy Ghost.
At the end of 2016 there were just under 71,000 missionaries. Apparently that number has shrunk to 65,000 missionaries. I dunno exactly why, but it's probably good that some people are not serving full-time missions. It is possible that my anxiety would have disqualified me from serving a full-time proselyting mission. I guess I won't ever know, though someday I do hope to serve a mission with Danny. Especially a records-acquisition mission or something cool like that.
The Lord describes His emissaries as weak, unlearned, and despised. But He promises that through their efforts He will “thrash the nations by the power of [His] Spirit.”4
When President Hinckley returned from the British Isles last fall, he told us of an interview he had with a member of the British Broadcasting Company Radio Services. The reporter asked President Hinckley, “How do you expect people to listen to these callow youth?” President Hinckley had to explain to some of us that callow meant immature, inexperienced, and lacking sophistication. Then he pointed out to this reporter that “people do receive them and listen to them. They are wholesome. They are bright, they are alert, they are … clean.”5
And then at the general conference priesthood session held in October of last year, he said, speaking of the missionaries: “They are a miracle. … They speak out of their hearts, with personal conviction. Each is … an ambassador of the Lord Jesus Christ. Their power comes not of their learning in the things of the world. Their power comes of faith, and prayer, and humility.”6
Jesus’ commandment to preach the gospel to all nations is obeyed as the servants of God bear testimony, in humility, across the earth. And the Lord responds to their sacrifices and bears witness of their words by revelation.

If you want to receive revelation, you need to humble yourself, try to seek answers both by studying and also by divine supplication, and most importantly, you need to wait until you receive answers. The answers will come. When they do, you have to be humble enough to receive them.